Executive Summary

In 2025, US aerospace forces can "own the weather" by capitalizing on emerging technologies and focusing development of those technologies to war-fighting applications. Such a capability offers the war fighter tools to shape the battlespace in ways never before possible. It provides opportunities to impact operations across the full spectrum of conflict and is pertinent to all possible futures. The purpose of this paper is to outline a strategy for the use of a future weather-modification system to achieve military objectives rather than to provide a detailed technical road map.

A high-risk, high-reward endeavor, weather-modification offers a dilemma not unlike the splitting of the atom. While some segments of society will always be reluctant to examine controversial issues such as weather-modification, the tremendous military capabilities that could result from this field are ignored at our own peril. From enhancing friendly operations or disrupting those of the enemy via small-scale tailoring of natural weather patterns to complete dominance of global communications and counterspace control, weather-modification offers the war fighter a wide-range of possible options to defeat or coerce an adversary. Some of the potential capabilities a weather-modification system could provide to a war-fighting commander in chief (CINC) are listed in table 1.

Technology advancements in five major areas are necessary for an integrated weather-modification capability: (1) advanced nonlinear modeling techniques, (2) computational capability, (3) information gathering and transmission, (4) a global sensor array, and (5) weather intervention techniques. Some intervention tools exist today and others may be developed and refined in the future.

<Table>

Current technologies that will mature over the next 30 years will offer anyone who has the necessary resources the ability to modify weather patterns and their corresponding effects, at least on the local scale. Current demographic, economic, and environmental trends will create global stresses that provide the impetus necessary for many countries or groups to turn this weather-modification ability into a capability.

In the United States, weather-modification will likely become a part of national security policy with both domestic and international applications. Our government will pursue such a policy, depending on its interests, at various levels. These levels could include unilateral actions, participation in a security framework such as NATO, membership in an international organization such as the UN, or participation in a coalition. Assuming that in 2025 our national security strategy includes weather-modification, its use in our national military strategy will naturally follow. Besides the significant benefits an operational capability would provide, another motivation to pursue weather-modification is to deter and counter potential adversaries.

In this paper we show that appropriate application of weather-modification can provide battlespace dominance to a degree never before imagined. In the future, such operations will enhance air and space superiority and provide new options for battlespace shaping and battlespace awareness. 1 "The technology is there, waiting for us to pull it all together;"2 in 2025 we can "Own the Weather."

Introduction:

The Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, General Ronald R. Fogleman, tasked the Air University at Maxwell AFB, AL to look 30 years into the future to identify the concepts, capabilities and technologies the United States will require to remain the dominant air and space force in the 21st century.

The Air University commander led a team of students and faculty from the Air University's Air War College and Air Command and Staff College; scientists and technologists from the Air Force Institute of Technology, located at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Air Force Academy and AFROTC cadets from around the country; and selected academic and business leaders in the civilian community across the nation in the 10-month effort to meet General Foglemans tasking.

The resulting study is called Air Force 2025 or 2025 for short. The team's findings were briefed to General Fogleman in June 1996 and to the Secretary of the Air Force, Dr. Sheila Widnall, in July 1996. The 2025 study was subsequently published in a collection of white papers consisting of an executive summary and 41 individual papers, totaling more than 3,300 pages of text.

Alternate Futures:

Study participants used a forecasting technique known as alternate futures to help them envision an array of future worlds in which the U.S. must be able to survive and prosper in the year 2025. The 2025 team studied the works of respected futurists, then identified their own factors or drivers of change in the future. More than 100 individual drivers were considered. Ultimately the three drivers most relevant in terms of structuring the environment affecting U.S. security in the next century were chosen.

American World View. The U.S. perspective of the world which determines its willingness and capability to interact with the rest of the world, and ranges from domestic to global.

TeK. The differential rate of growth, proliferation, leverage, and vitality of scientific knowledge and technical applications and their consequences. This driver ranges from constrained to exponential. When constrained, evolutionary changes are occurring and it is possible for nations or groups to preserve technological monopolies and advantages. When change is exponential, revolutionary technological changes are possible and nations or groups are unable to preserve technological leverage, monopolies and advantages.

World Power Grid. The generation (sources - social, political, economic, military, etc.), transmission (directions, resistance, speed), distribution (number and types of actors) and control (influence, leverage) of power throughout the world. This driver ranges from concentrated to dispersed. The world power grid is concentrated when a few actors have the means or will to influence others and dispersed when many actors can effectively influence world events.

The 2025 team used the creative but disciplined alternate futures procedure to describe various plausible future worlds, each separate and distinct, and each offering different security and planning challenges. In the first world, the U.S.'s military might is constrained by many world players with other forms of power. A second world depicts the extreme impacts of a future dominated by multinational corporate giants. A third world is a scary future in which information and biogenetic technology is dispersed, giving individuals and small groups untold power. In a fourth world, the U.S. loses its status as a superpower to an Asian colossus. A fifth future envisions a world marked by fundamental changes in the social structure, environment and the international security system, making it difficult for the United States to determine how best to exert its power and influence. The final world depicts how a major conflict in 2015 could shape events in 2025.

Concept Generation:

The 2025 team sought ideas worldwide via the internet about future military capabilities. The group synthesized the best ideas into white papers focusing on specific military tasks. Using the six alternate futures as a backdrop, the team then evaluated these concepts to determine which of the 25 emerging technologies and 40 separate systems envisioned by the 2025 team had the most merit. Each of these capabilities and technologies were evaluated in the context of categories airmen are familiar with today - awareness, reach, and power - to draw conclusions about their usefulness to airmen in the world envisioned in 2025. The ten capabilities and six high-leverage technologies listed below emerged from this analysis as the best investments to ensure the United States continued air and space dominance in the future.

Top Systems:

- Global Information Management System

- Sanctuary Base

- Global Surveillance, Reconnaissance, and Targeting System

- Global Area Strike System

- Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle

- Space High Energy Laser

- Solar High Energy Laser

- Reconnaissance Unmanned Air Vehicle

- Attack Microbots

- Piloted Single Stage Space Plane

High Leverage Technologies:

- Data Fusion

- Power Systems

- Micromechanical Devices

- Advanced Materials

- High Energy Propellants

- High Performance Computing

Trends:

The 2025 study also highlighted five trends, listed below:

- Humans will move from being more in the cockpit to being more in the loop.

- The medium for air force operations will move from the air and space toward space and air.

- Development responsibilities for critical technologies and capabilities will move from government toward industry.

- Influence will increasingly be exerted by information more than bombs.

- Military education will move from being rigid to responsive.

Conclusions:

Preparing now for the military challenges of the 21st century is central to our national security. The keys to preserving the military security of the United States are the integration of information technologies with air and space capabilities, and the connectivity for distributed, demand-driven systems. Having these capabilities produces what the 2025 team termed Vigilant Edge. Investments in technologies which enhance vigilance, decision making capabilities and communication architectures will help ensure a future, full-service Air Force capable of providing a true Vigilant Edge for America.

-- This document was last modified on: 12/11/96 09:55:15

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HAARP Patent:

Source: http://patent.womplex.ibm.com/details?pn=US04686605__&s_clms=1

US4686605: Method and apparatus for altering a region in the earth's atmosphere, ionosphere, and/or magnetosphere

Inventor: Eastlund; Bernard J. , Spring, TX

Filed: Jan. 10, 1985 Issued: Aug. 11, 1987

"A method and apparatus for altering at least one selected region which normally exists above the earth's surface. The region is excited by electron cyclotron resonance heating to thereby increase its charged particle density. In one embodiment, circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation is transmitted upward in a direction substantially parallel to and along a field line which extends through the region of plasma to be altered. The radiation is transmitted at a frequency which excites electron cyclotron resonance to heat and accelerate the charged particles. This increase in energy can cause ionization of neutral particles which are then absorbed as part of the region thereby increasing the charged particle density of the region."

I claim:

1. A method for altering at least one region normally existing above the earth's surface with electromagnetic radiation using naturally-occurring and diverging magnetic field lines of the earth comprising transmitting first electromagnetic radiation at a frequency between 20 and 7200 kHz from the earth's surface, said transmitting being conducted essentially at the outset of transmission substantially parallel to and along at least one of said field lines, adjusting the frequency of said first radiation to a value which will excite electron cyclotron resonance at an initial elevation at least 50 km above the earth's surface, whereby in the region in which said electron cyclotron resonance takes place heating, further ionization, and movement of both charged and neutral particles is effected, said cyclotron resonance excitation of said region is continued until the electron concentration of said region reaches a value of at least 106 per cubic centimeter and has an ion energy of at least 2 ev.

2. The method of claim 1 including the step of providing artificial particles in said at least one region which are excited by said electron cyclotron resonance.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said artificial particles are provided by injecting same into said at least one region from an orbiting satellite.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said threshold excitation of electron cyclotron resonance is about 1 watt per cubic centimeter and is sufficient to cause movement of a plasma region along said diverging magnetic field lines to an altitude higher than the altitude at which said excitation was initiated.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein said rising plasma region pulls with it a substantial portion of neutral particles of the atmosphere which exist in or near said plasma region.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein there is provided at least one separate source of second electromagnetic radiation, said second radiation having at least one frequency different from said first radiation, impinging said at least one second radiation on said region while said region is undergoing electron cyclotron resonance excitation caused by said first radiation.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said second radiation has a frequency which is absorbed by said region.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein said region is plasma in the ionosphere and said second radiation excites plasma waves within said ionosphere.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein said electron concentration reaches a value of at least 1012 per cubic centimeter.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein said excitation of electron cyclotron resonance is initially carried out within the ionosphere and is continued for a time sufficient to allow said region to rise above said ionosphere.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein said excitation of electron cyclotron resonance is carried out above about 500 kilometers and for a time of from 0.1 to 1200 seconds such that multiple heating of said plasma region is achieved by means of stochastic heating in the magnetosphere.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein said first electromagnetic radiation is right hand circularly polarized in the northern hemisphere and left hand circularly polarized in the southern hemisphere.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein said electromagnetic radiation is generated at the site of a naturally-occurring hydrocarbon fuel source, said fuel source being located in at least one of northerly or southerly magnetic latitudes.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said fuel source is natural gas and electricity for generating said electromagnetic radiation is obtained by burning said natural gas in at least one of magnetohydrodynamic, gas turbine, fuel cell, and EGD electric generators located at the site where said natural gas naturally occurs in the earth.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein said site of natural gas is within the magnetic latitudes that encompass Alaska.

Source: http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/50/1520.html

50 USC [U.S. Code], Sec. 1520 Jan. 16, 1996 TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 32 - CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE PROGRAM Sec. 1520: Use of human subjects for testing of chemical or biological agents by Department of Defense; accounting to Congressional committees with respect to experiments and studies; notification of local civilian officials.

(a) Not later than thirty days after final approval within the Department of Defense of plans for any experiment or study to be conducted by the Department of Defense, whether directly or under contract, involving the use of human subjects for the testing of chemical or biological agents, the Secretary of Defense shall supply the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives with a full accounting of such plans for such experiment or study, and such experiment or study may then be conducted only after the expiration of the thirty-day period beginning on the date such accounting is received

by such committees.

(b)(1) The Secretary of Defense may not conduct any test or experiment involving the use of any chemical or biological agent on civilian populations unless local civilian officials in the area in which the test or experiment is to be conducted are notified in advance of such test or experiment, and such test or experiment may then be conducted only after the expiration of the thirty-day period beginning on the date of such notification.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall apply to tests and experiments conducted by Department of Defense personnel and tests and experiments conducted on behalf of the Department of Defense by contractors.

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Contents

top

Executive Summary

Quick Look

Alternate Futures

Concept Generation

Top Systems

High Level Technology

Trends

Conclusions

Haarp Patent

CBM Code 50

Contents

 

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