Beware!( DFMS )
Contents
A Debt Free Monetary System (DFMS) creates money without debt for the general use of the people. Obviously, this creation of debt free money must be done by the people’s government, for, by its very nature, it must exclude private bankers. The main goal of a DFMS is to avoid the cost of money and the national debt, thus making this country much more prosperous with a healthy and vibrant economy. To accomplish this feat, we must remove the power of money from the bankers. Strategy includes outlawing private banks, fractional banking and compound interest; then returning the control of money to the people and imposing a spending control on Congress. From then on, eternal vigilance must be exerted to prevent our present disaster from ever happening again. This will best be accomplished through education. All high school and college graduates must demonstrate comprehension in the area of monetary science and debt free money.
The Essential Seven Points
1. First and foremost, abolish the Fed, its debt money system and all its related rules called legislation. Delete that crummy obstacle. While you are in the mood, also delete the Export-Import Bank. Let’s keep this game on our board this time. Do NOT let that Fed outfit even near this game. They are professional cheaters.
2. Create a Debt Free Monetary System (DFMS). Return the sole power to create money to the government of us people by having Congress create money debt free through the U.S. Treasury Department as provided by our Constitution. The Bank of North Dakota must be the only exception. (They are honest players that already play this game.)
3. Establish BankGov, a people owned bank with free services. Only principal will be repaid. Outlaw all other banks, compound interest and fractional banking. This law includes private money. Strictly regulate people who loan their own money. The Bank of North Dakota must be the only exception, but allow only simple interest to be used.
4. By federal law, set a banker’s month to 20 days, and a banker’s year to 240 days. People must not be charged interest on days not in a normal work week. This law includes private money. Dovetailing loans to circumvent this law must be outlawed.
5. Install a spending limit on Congress by forcing them to examine all federal funding before it is approved and label it either productive, neuter or non productive. 99.9 percent of all non productive spending must be left for the states to legislate and fund, thus keeping Congress out of the pork business. (See Congress Must Never Overspend.) No fair cheating on the money. Congress will keep above board this time.
6. Amend the Constitution to create one, people-owned central bank called BankGov to create, issue and control all money, including paper and coin currency, using MEL.
7. All of the above six points must be set into law at the same time. This is imperative. (A comprehensive, temporary law could hold the economy together and achieve this simultaneous effect until permanent details are worked out.)
The current budget mess of Congress is one of the biggest blunders in the history of our government. That mess need not be. When the above six points become law, most budget dilemmas will disappear. But those points must be set into law simultaneously. Then, and probably only then, money should be available for all productive needs, if Congress will come to its senses and create the proper environment.
Chances are that you are wondering just what is meant by productive. Let’s try for a practical definition:
Productive spending is money spent by Congress that will help the economy, or at least not slow it down.
Non productive spending is just that, and will only cause that amount plus expenses (and interest) to be paid out of our pockets by taxes. It is exploitation of the unreal. Unreal situations are created that cause unreal money to go from us real tax payers to real, thieving politicians. It is freebie handouts known as pork barrel. Not fair.
Neuter is that questionable area in between. If it does not appear to cause unwarranted taxes, it probably should be treated as productive, but with an eternal caution flag attached. Watch for loaded dice.
Following are some examples:
Productive - not a tax burden; creates jobs, etc.
Development of natural resources, such as dams that produce electricity for sale.Federal bridges that charge toll to pay expenses, or at least increase productivity.
Totally finance all public school districts. (At least zero interest financing to all public schools.) The minds of our children our most valuable national asset and must be cared for.
Totally all public libraries to keep America’s minds open and learning. A thinking mind is productive and will protect our country. Libraries will be quiet, defined and enforced by federal law. (At least zero percent financing to all public libraries.)
Financing schools, libraries and homes spends money down at the bottom of the work chain. Good move.
Zero interest loans to cities for reasonable civic improvements.
Zero interest loans for public sewer projects. Water saving inventions must be considered.
Zero interest loans for reasonable civic water projects.
Zero interest loans for home purchase and refinance, one per family, no seconds. We must rebuild our home life.
Zero interest loans to failing, large businesses, like Chrysler, International Harvester and Caterpillar. This type of financing maintains jobs and productivity rather than expanding the public welfare burden. A similar provision must be made for failing small businesses in the name of democratic fairness to all, large and small.
Banking must be free, repaying principal only, to avoid the dangerous price-wage spiral.
Neuter - actually productive as they create jobs and lower public debt.
Federal bridges and highways, if reasonable.Federal water projects, if reasonable.
Non Productive - equals taxes and no help to the economy - must be avoided by Congress.
All politicians. We hire them to do our work, so we must pay them. All politicians’ pay, perks and bennies must come out of our hip pocket and purse. There is no escape. Politicians and the military should be the only two exceptions.All military expenses. War defeats peaceful productivity and is therefore non-productive. Limited military and politicians should be the only two exceptions.
The usual pork, such as funding a project that is not needed, but pays big money to some politicians and their buddies in their state. Tax payers in all fifty states get hit with the bill. Not fair.
Welfare and bennies, especially if they are really graft. Cheat.
Except for limited military and wages for government workers, all non-productive expenditure must be avoided by Congress and left to the states to legislate. If a state has a dire need, let that state legislate the bill and let the people of that state pay for it, since they will be the recipients. Zero percent loans for reasonable state projects would be available, but the people in that state would be obligated to repay it. Congressional spending hits everybody in all fifty states, and must be more judiciously considered. Federal pork must cease.
See "MEL Formula Derivation" in Money Is Unreal for more details, lists and illustrations.
MEL describes the formula without the lists.
Incidentally, if you were wondering why North Dakota got the royal treatment above, take a look below. The idea of debt free money is really nothing new or complicated, but, rather, just plain old common sense. We called it "horse sense" back on the farm. Horses always know the way to the barn where they are warm and dry and get fed. In this case, however, that means far away from the Fed. You see, the Fed does not feed. The Fed takes our food. Anyway, you get the point. Lean into your horse collar and read on. I’ll show you how to get out of your economic harness. North Dakota and the English Channel on this next tour called Old Idea (after we check the Food Blender, Aunt Sammie’s Family Style Eatery and schematics in the Ecatomic Economachine.) But first, how do we play this video called DFMS? First, you turn it on. Then, press the button that says "Operation". Good.
Now, how do we play this video called DFMS? First, you press "Power Up" to turn it on. Then, press the button that says "Operation". Good.
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While eliminating the national debt and drastically lowering the federal taxes, a Debt Free Monetary System requires a new way of thinking about finance and taxes. Some basics remain the same, such as creating money and distributing it into the economy. But the private interest grabbers are not allowed on this video game board. No way!
The first new concept is in the method of financing our government and Congressional legislation. Under the DFMS (Debt Free Money System), when Congress needs money, it will simply order it issued by the U. S. Treasury Department, debt free. This process will very neatly eliminate the national debt before it occurs. We simply will not owe anyone even one dime for the creation of our money. The second new concept is the new concept of taxes, demanding a reversal of traditional thought, and one which you will certainly welcome and love. Instead of being levied to finance legislation, taxes will be meted to drain off excess money from the economy to avoid over heating. Never again will there be a shortage of money because the fat cats crowded us out of our game. But thus collected, tax revenues must be sent back to the nothing from whence they came. Taxes must be low and few, and they must never be spent by Congress. This will be unthinkable by today’s average politician. Nonetheless, this is the way of debt free money.
only one reason for taxes
To extract money from the economy
when too much money is present, causing problems.
There should be only two main causes for the tax:
1. To pay for all government workers, military and other government expenses.
2. The result of non-productive spending by Congress.
Concerning item one, it must be remembered that we must pay anyone we hire. We hire politicians and all other government workers to do a job for us. Therefore, they are non-productive and must be paid by taxes. Therefore, even though Congress creates the money for government expenses, that money will eventually overheat the economy and cause a tax to kick in to drain them it out. Government payroll means taxes. There is no escape. We can not build a perpetual motion machine. We have seen enough of those attempts in government. However, a big benefit under a DFMS will be the absence of interest. At least we will not have to pay some private banker for the money, finally.
As to item two, any time Congress orders money for a bill that is not productive, it will eventually appear as taxes. Any and all pork must be considered as automatic taxes on all people in all fifty states. There will be no need to levy taxes in advance to pay for politicians’ ways of helping people by helping them out of their money. Nevertheless, if it is pork, we will pay eventually when the economy overheats and the drain tax kicks in. Beware!
Beware!But for productive purposes, taxes should be less - much less. When congress needs money, it simply orders the U.S. Treasury Department to issue it, debt free. Presto, there it is. It is really that simple. And it works if it is backed and controlled as specified by the MEL formula. And it will be debt free, meaning that we won’t get stuck with interest to some private banklord. In Old Idea you will see how it worked for people like Benjamin Franklin.
Please note: The big, new issue here is that
Those taxes are meant to drain excess money out of the economy to prevent overheating, and must be sent back to the nothing from whence they came. The banking industry calls it "extinguishing". That will be a new way of living for Congress.
Think how easy it will be for us taxpayers to see and control where our tax dollars are going.
MEL explains these concepts briefly later. Detailed discussion will be found later in the book, Money Is Unreal, under MEL Formula Derivation.
The operation of a Debt Free Monetary System (DFMS) is really quite simple. In fact, anything complicated about money is usually a smoke screen the Fed is blowing to confuse everyone. That need not be and should not be. KISS is the best motto: Keep It Short and Simple. I do not like kissing my money goodby. (See ABCs of Money.)
At the national level in a DFMS, when Congress orders money and it is placed in its bank account, Congress can start writing checks. By so doing, they spend debt free money into the economy where it can be used by everyone. This is what starts the game playing. That is how the government gets debt free money into to economy for all of us to use. Additional money is spent into the economy through totally financing our public schools and libraries. And we won’t owe anyone as much as a dime for it. Just think of the wonderful benefits. Never again will our libraries be in a financial pinch. By financing them with debt free money, they probably won’t even cause any tax increase. School bonds have forever been a proverbial problem with property taxes. Well, since our public schools are government, meaning all of us, we can simply finance them. Gone will be the dreaded property tax that has proverbially haunted owners of homes and businesses.
Homes are extremely important. The first home of each couple should be financed with free banking, with closing costs kept minimal and built into the loan principal. No one should be demanding or making any profit on financing for our homes. That really defeats the idea of America. Free home ownership must be readily available.
When money was tight, many corporations faced bankruptcy. This was the case with Caterpillar, Chrysler, and International Harvester. Instead of putting all those workers on welfare, back some no interest loans to keep them working and off those expensive welfare rolls. That makes good sense. Of course, those corporations probably won’t get in trouble in the first place with the private bankers out of the game, leveraging and take-overs outlawed, and the need for second mortgaging removed and outlawed, or at least controlled. With free banking, money will be available at no interest and there will be plenty of it.
The catastrophe that can happen when money does become a god and a commodity of exchange is readily apparent in America today. The banking system deployed by the Federal Reserve System contains destructive elements inherent in their system. I have adequate documentation, and am on the track to more, to support the following statements:
the worst financial and political scandal
in American history, if not all history.
The Fed is neither Federal nor reserve, and is privately owned and privately operated in secret for private gain. In analyzing the destructive elements deployed by the Fed, I have discovered a corollary and have formulated two theories.
I have named the theories
Time Warp Factor
They graphically display our approaching disaster. They are discussed elsewhere in Theories. If nothing else, my corollary and two theories will provide a framework into which people can piece history together to ascertain the true nature of events and their underlying incentive. One need not use terms such as conspiracy. However, one does need to provide a means for people to see for themselves what is happening to them. The Free Money corollary and the Triple Expo and Time Warp Factors provide this framework. They should be recognized as economic discoveries.
To make its existence known in more areas, the corollary has been given three names:
Basic Element of Economic Existence, and
Basic Law of Economics.
This basic corollary has presented itself to me. It cannot be overlooked. Simple, yet profound, this corollary will redefine economics and business. It will force the scholars to rewrite the books in those fields. Replacement of texts will be necessary to stop and prevent the Triple Expo and Time Warp Factors from destroying this great nation and the world, enslaving all people, controlling all things. This basic corollary is simply:
Money can not cost money in a successful democratic economy, for when one pays rent for money, an inevitable price-wage spiral is instigated, causing what you call inflation. I defy you to talk your way around this corollary when discussing a stable economy in a democracy. In brief, only principal need be repaid. It is quite sound and simple, actually. This necessitates, of course, free banking, where only principal is repaid. For, if money is to be free, there can be no interest, which demands that there be no private bankers. All banking must be done through our cost free bank. The name BankGov is suggested, short for BankGovernment.
No economy can function at its best for the people
with the existence of privately owned banks.
A very powerful, but less than honorable, international banker once stated that if he could control the monetary system, he did not care who made the laws. This has become the case and is the source of most of our worst economic and social problems in America today. Therein is the reason there is no money for our schools and to properly educate our children. Summed up in three words, the devastating cause is the Federal Reserve System.
What I present is really nothing new. It was used successfully in previous centuries, only to be torpedoed by powerful bankers. Forest Glen Durland has blown the whistle on the Federal Reserve System. Listen now to essential facts.
Due to the very nature of the Fed, America’s money is being siphoned out of the economy and into the private treasure-troves of the billionaire bankers at an ever increasing rate.
Simply quit paying those billions of dollars
to the big bankers and spend it on the schools.
After all, that money belongs to us people, not private bankers. In addition,
Forest Glen Durland firmly believes that
the minds of our children are our most sacred treasure,
and that the minds of our children
are our most valuable natural resource.
Therefore, schools for our children should be the
first consideration in planning our economy.
There are seven points in the changes that must occur simultaneously. The most important point is to totally abolish the Federal Reserve System and all its related legislation, along with the Export-Import Bank, replacing them, at the same time, with a DFMS, a Debt Free Monetary System. Under this new system, Congress will reclaim its right and duty as specified in our Constitution and create our money for us, debt free. That process will eliminate the national debt before it ever starts. We simply will not owe anyone for creating our money. Then, that money must be spent into the economy to enable us people to use it. Without a doubt, the best place to spend it is on education. Our federal government should totally finance all public schools from first grade through college and our graduate schools, plus all public libraries.
Totally financing the schools will work much better than you will imagine at first. You see, the healthy and vibrant economy resulting from the DFMS will create efficiency and value in national production. This increased value belongs to us people of this great nation, and therefore should be given to us. I can not think of a more appropriate avenue than to use it to finance our schools. Thus, you see, the resulting cost in tax just might be minimal. Even if it does cost some federal income tax, we people will gladly pay the lower cost, happy that the burden is off our homes and businesses. This idea of a national value is called a social credit in Canada. The idea is that as more efficiency is attained using less people, the national production becomes more efficient. That is to say, greater productivity is attained with less human effort. This increase in national productivity puts people out of jobs. Since it is national, it belongs to the people. Therefore, that surplus productivity should be distributed as a social dividend to the masses. Here in America, instead of going through a big hassle calculating the dividend and distributing it, simply spend money on public schools, libraries and BankGov, something everyone needs and uses. This will very neatly give the dividend back to the people. Excess spending will be taxed out of the economy by MEL, thus maintaining an economic balance.
Many of you are probably wondering just how I plan to run an economy without paying the banker. That is quite simple, also. We must pay the staff bankers, but not the banklords. For, you see,
there can be no private banks.
That is correct. There can be no private banks. Simultaneously with abolishing the Fed, private banks must be outlawed, and one federal, people-owned bank must be established. The name BankGov is suggested, short for BankGovernment. To pay its costs, the BankGov would simply create the money needed and pay its bills, thus spending debt free money into the economy for all of us to use.
Serious thought has been given by this author to the concept of totally eliminating interest and costs from our banking system. Principal only would be repaid. After all, it is our BankGov. Therefore, we should not be obligated to pay profit for it. If this plan spends too much money into the economy, MEL will tax it out. Thus, everyone pays for the operation of our BankGov, which is all right since everyone uses it, or certainly uses the money.
This plan is very simple, is available for all, the poor as well as the rich, and it will end the frightening threat of interest and charges in payments. Of great welcome will be the absence of excessive closing costs. Thus, people will need only to qualify for the traditional 3 C’s plus any down payment needed to put them personally into the equity. Any title searches should be paid by the parties involved, but that cost could be incorporated into the loan. Taxes due should be low with the new concept and can also be incorporated into the loan. It is our money and our bank, so the operation should be free. This concept should boost the economy greatly.
Loan processing varies only as to complexity. The richer guys get bigger and more complex loans which will cost more to process with more payments, so they should pay more of the costs, and will through taxes. Percentage should be abandoned. It costs no more per payment to process a payment for a million dollar loan than for a $100 loan. Percentage is unfair for us people. This should hold for title searches and title insurance, also.
With free banking, only principal would be repaid. Costs of the banking system would be paid with newly created money by BankGov. This will probably cause an excess in the money supply in the economy and will trigger taxes to remove it. In this way the BankGov will be financed by the taxpayers, with those more able to pay shouldering more of the cost. To ensure that those using the bank pay taxes, a current IRS return on file will be a prerequisite. Of course, there must be a strict limitation to the use of BankGov by non-citizens.
Free banking and a DFMS (Debt Free Monetary System) will totally reverse the present economic collapse. Never again will there be a shortage of money for financing, and never again will up front fees drain the life out of start ups. There will be no end to unlimited venture capital for those who realistically qualify. Plus, that investment capital will be interest free. That alone, will boost this economy so greatly that you guys and gals will be able to compete sensibly with foreign competition once again.
There are always many industrious and intelligent people who are good, sensible risks, and free banking will put them in business, thus creating jobs in a healthy and vibrant economy. The poor will have a chance.
The value of our natural resources must be available in the economy to provide for the creation of jobs. Loans from newly created money will provide sufficient money for all new projects attributed to natural resources - farming, mining and oil drilling, etc., as required by MEL. This will help put the small farms back on the map and undo the harm to farming done the last 200 years by the banking system.
Another crucial benefit can be realized with free banking, and that is control of inflation. If employers use their own money to finance their operation, they will expect a profit on the use of their own money, resulting in a cost increase. If they must borrow venture capital, that interest cost will most certainly be included in the new price. That cost increase will trigger an inevitable, inflationary, price-wage spiral. But, on the other hand, if cost free money from our BankGov is used, they can not honestly demand a profit on that financing, and the cost of production remains stable, especially if competitive. Eliminated will be the inhibiting problem of time in transportation and storage that adversely affects production efficiency and cost in our present system. Since no interest will be accumulating, the deadly rush to get products to market too soon will be reduced to a speed relevant to profit and competition only. Quality should improve. This cost free financing for production is a crucial factor. After all, money is merely an accounting system. Money should be the free shuttle that gets products made and delivered along the economic highway.
All loan applicants must qualify using the traditional 3 C’s, especially for oil exploration. Competent loan officers will be essential. Bank loan officers and other bank officials must be protected. Any threats or attempts to alter a bank officer’s good judgment must net severe penalty.
Secondary financing must be prohibited.
American banking must be limited to American, registered, voting, tax paying citizens and their children. We cannot afford to freebie finance the world. Other countries must follow our lead and develop their own stable economies.
American citizens of dual citizenship must not be allowed to transfer capital out of America., other than reasonable, personal travel expenses, or normal, approved trade.
No foreign banks can be allowed on American soil or possessions.
If the borrower defaults, collateral must be surrendered, but only to the extent of remaining principal and terminating costs. Defaulters, especially those who disappear, must be entered into the BankGov computer ID system and denied further participation until their bills are paid in full, probably without bank financing. Their default must remain on record for their lifetime.
MEL must monitor the economy for money amount to avoid inflation. Money supply must be just tight enough to encourage thrift but discourage reckless speculation. The balance is critical.
MEL is the formula I have developed to monitor the amount of money in the economy, operating automatically in a computer while everyone watches. The MEL formula is three capital letters, MEL , where M = the money supply in the economy, E = the value of the Earth’s contribution in production (natural resources), and L = the work week Labor value, never transferable, of the American workable force, including human services. Our famous inventor, Thomas Edison, said it in 1921, when he said that humanity and the soil should be the only basis for money. He added that there should be enough money in the economy to move the legitimate trade that is waiting to move, but not too much to allow speculation.
Click here for an explanation of MEL.
Scenario. The start up farmer, miner, circuit board or chip maker borrows money from the BankGov to buy equipment, materials for buildings, vehicles, circuit board etchers, operating expenses, etc. There are many things to do to create a business of this magnitude. The available credit money of labor in the economy is available for wages. The BankGov creates new money for his loan, which will be the value of natural resources for MEL. The use of newly created, cost free money will very neatly keep the lid on inflation by eliminating the need for profit for the use of private money. In the end, as a final check, MEL will adjust the balance by taxing out any excess money in the economy.
This is turning out better than I had ever dreamed. Without private banklords, everything is possible.
In event free money does not became a reality, we certainly should do something about interest. This should apply immediately to all existing loans, both public and private. The thought has occurred to me that the number of days that interest can be charged should be limited to work days. The banklords don’t do any real work at all, so they should not be allowed to charge us workers interest continuously. By standardizing the holidays, a standard work day calendar could be devised, and a law passed that limited interest charge to those work days only.
For example, there are 52 weeks in a year, each with a Saturday and a Sunday. That totals 104 weekend days. Then there are about 7 national holidays, which should all be placed either on a Friday or a Monday to give people more time with family. That totals 111 non work days. 365 less 111 equals 254 work days. Knock off four more days for the winter holidays and we have 252 days. Allowing 10 days for annual vacation brings us down to 240. That has a nice ring to it, being evenly divisible by 12 months. Let’s make 240 the maximum number of days per year that anyone can charge interest. The banker’s year is 240 days.
For a uniform banker’s month, how about 240 divided by 12? That’s 20 days for a banker’s month, the maximum that be used to charge for interest.
Then outlaw compound interest and fractional banking, allowing only simple interest to be used for 240 days max per year. This will make lots more sense for us working stiffs. Also outlaw dovetailing loans to circumvent this law.
This will work fine until we overhaul our terribly outdated calendar.
Let’s summarize these figures:
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240 / 12 = 20 |
Sure, you can argue for more days here and there, but let’s not be greedy. This proposal considers the conventional off work time, and it has some easy to use numbers. In addition, it is certainly a move in the proper direction for us common folks.
The operation of a DFMS, a Debt Free Money System, should be simple. Congress and our BankGov simply create needed money, eliminating a national debt. The only need for taxes is to drain excess money out of the economy to prevent over heating, resulting in what has been traditionally called inflation. Banking must be free, repaying principal only, to eliminate the deadly price-wage spiral.
Money is a measurement,
not something for sale.
Money is merely a way of measuring value,
and is not the value itself.
Money is the mental part of an accounting system,
but money is not the paper that one writes on.
Value is in humanity and the soil,
not in the money that measures the value.
Money is not riches,
but is merely a right to riches.
Riches are real things,
not unreal money .
Try eating money.
and therefore
can be issued only by society.
Banklords and the Federal Reserve System
are not social entities, but are private.
I can issue tickets to trade for my own goods,
but I can not issue tickets for trade for someone else’s goods.
Government can create money,
but bankers can not.
In the book, Money Is Unreal, six essays explain this item: Here’s What’s Happening, In the Beginning, Farmer’s Credit Tickets, Economic Musical Chairs, Difference Between Money, and Within Our Means.
See the essay on Inflation for a real life story about not creating interest money. The ski jumps and other illustrations really put the debt money system into your personal perspective.
In Congress Must Never Overspend you will find a discussion on the new type of taxes.
The force and speed of destruction of a debt money system is further explored in Triple Expo Factor and Time Warp Factor, located in Theories.
Docs will support all statements on this page. Defs (Definitions) is revealing.
The inclusion of currency in the unreal column demonstrates that currency merely represents unreal money or value.
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postal stamp |
value. 35 cents |
Properly operated, it will balance, support itself and remain stable. |
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bus ticket |
value. $1 |
Properly operated, it will balance, support itself and remain stable. |
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real natural resources and real labor (including services) |
value. Money created only as medium of exchange for real natural resources and labor (including services). |
Allows the economy to function but prevents speculation. Stable value, no inflation. |
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real natural resources and real labor and services |
Congress creates money debt free with no cost to no one. The money supply is hinged to real natural resources and real labor and services. |
Money supply remains stable because money represents real natural resources and real labor and services. No private banklords are allowed to inflate it with usurious profits. |
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real natural resources, real labor and services |
Production value remains stable when money has real backing. |
Real supply for draw remains stable without private banklords. |
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See MEL for further explanation. |
Value is explored and related in MEL. |
Our national production is researched in terms of contribution and draw in MEL. |
Docs supports material presented in this page. Money vs Currency explains the imaginary aspect of money. Shadow Partner compares money to shadows, with reference to Plato. The Fed's debt money system will destroy its host.
The following illustration has been excerpted from the essay Debt Money System in Money Is Unreal. It graphically shows how the debt and debt-free systems work.
Then compare the two systems side by side.
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with a click, please step into the friendly Vortex. |
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